ls and rs for storing prefix and suffix sums respectively.ls array with counts of elements less than nums[j] for each index j.rs array with counts of elements greater than nums[i] for each index i.ls array and suffix sums for the rs array.j and k such that j < k.nums[j] > nums[k], calculate the product of the number of valid i indices (from ls[k]) and the number of valid l indices (from rs[j]).j and k.