s and the current index index as arguments, along with a memoization dictionary memo.index is equal to the length of s, return 1 as we have found a valid way to decode the entire string.index is '0', return 0 as it cannot lead to a valid decoding.index is already in memo, return the stored result to avoid redundant calculations.ans to store the number of decodings.index + 1 to consider single digit decoding and add the result to ans.index + 2 to consider double digit decoding and add the result to ans.memo with the key as the current index.ans.