left to 0 and right to the length of nums minus 1.left is less than right, perform the following steps:
a. Calculate the midpoint mid as left + (right - left) // 2.
b. Calculate the number of missing elements to the left of mid as nums[mid] - nums[0] - mid.
c. If the number of missing elements is less than k, set left to mid + 1.
d. Otherwise, set right to mid.left will be the rightmost index with fewer missing elements than k. Calculate and return the kth missing number as nums[0] + left + k.