n_bytes to 0, which will hold the number of bytes in the current UTF-8 character.n_bytes is 0, determine the number of bytes in the UTF-8 character by counting the leading 1 bits using bitwise operations.1 bits is greater than 4 or the byte starts with 10, it's invalid.n_bytes is greater than 1, check if the next byte starts with 10 using bitwise operations. If not, return False.n_bytes for each continuation byte processed.n_bytes is 0, return True. Otherwise, return False.