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System Design Question

Design a Scalable Logging Service

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Functional Requirements

  1. Log Collection:

    • The service should be able to collect logs from various sources, including applications, servers, and devices.
    • Support for multiple log formats (e.g., JSON, plain text).
    • Real-time log ingestion to ensure minimal delay in log collection.
  2. Log Storage:

    • Efficient storage of logs to handle large volumes of data.
    • Support for both structured and unstructured log data.
    • Ability to archive older logs for long-term storage.
  3. Log Retrieval and Querying:

    • Provide a robust querying mechanism to search and filter logs based on various parameters (e.g., timestamp, log level, source).
    • Support for complex queries and aggregations.
    • Real-time log retrieval to facilitate quick analysis.
  4. Log Analysis and Monitoring:

    • Integration with analytics tools to provide insights and trends from log data.
    • Support for setting up alerts based on specific log patterns or thresholds.
  5. Access Control:

    • Implement role-based access control to ensure only authorized users can access or modify logs.
    • Audit logging to track access and changes to log data.
  6. Scalability:

    • The system should be able to scale horizontally to handle increasing log volumes and sources.
  7. Integration:

    • Provide APIs or SDKs for easy integration with existing systems and applications.

Non-Functional Requirements

  1. Performance:

    • Low latency in log ingestion and retrieval.
    • High throughput to handle a large number of log entries per second.
  2. Reliability:

    • Ensure high availability of the logging service with minimal downtime.
    • Implement redundancy and failover mechanisms to prevent data loss.
  3. Scalability:

    • Ability to scale seamlessly with increasing data volume and user load.
  4. Security:

    • Ensure data encryption both at rest and in transit.
    • Implement strong authentication and authorization mechanisms.
  5. Data Consistency:

    • Ensure eventual consistency in log data across distributed systems.
  6. Cost Efficiency:

    • Optimize storage and processing costs while maintaining performance.
  7. Extensibility:

    • Design the system to easily accommodate new features and integrations in the future.

System Design Diagrams

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